Abstract

The increasing complexity of botnet attacks has driven digital infrastructure protection toward Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning systems. The research study investigates ten years of scientific work from 2005 until 2025 to study how worldwide scientists fight against botnet threats, which keep changing. We track the field’s rapid development through our analysis of thousands of records. We obtained these from Scopus and Web of Science databases. The research field shows three main groups of innovators who include authors, their corresponding institutions, and nations. Our research shows scientists have switched their detection methods from traditional systems to modern intelligent networks, which use deep learning and federated learning technology. The world now supports more international teamwork than ever before, yet multiple major obstacles continue to exist. The research identifies three critical security needs which will require solutions during the upcoming years. The research shows that security solutions need to become more compact so they can operate effectively on smart devices, and AI systems must be built to handle deliberate attacks. The paper presents a strategic framework, which will guide future autonomous cyber defense systems development

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